总序
导读——第二语言研究中问卷调查法的特点及应用
Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction

Chapter 1 Questionnaires in Second Language Research
1．1 What Are“Questionnaires”and What Do They Measure?
1．1．1 What a Questionnaire Is Not
1．1．2 What Do Questionnaires Measure?
1．2 Using Questionnaires：Pros and Cons
1．2．1 Advantages
1．2．2 Disadvantages
1．3 Questionnaires in Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Chapter 2 Constructing the Questionnaire
2．1 General Features
2．1．1 Length
2．1．2 Layout
2．1．3 Sensitive Topics and Anonymity
2．2 The Main Parts of a Questionnaire
2．2．1 Title
2．2．2 Instructions
2．2．3 Ouestionnaire Items
2．2．4 Additional Information
2．2．5 Final“Thank YDu”
2．3 Appropriate Sampling of the Questionnaire Content and the Significance of“Multi—Item Scales”
2．3．1 Appropriate Sampling ofthe Content
2．3．2 Using Multi—Item Scales
2．4 “Closed．Ended”Ouestionnaire Items
2．4．1 Rating Scales
2．4．2 Multiple—Choice Items
2．4．3 Rank Order Items
2．4．4 Numeric Items
2．4．5 Checklists
2．5 Open—Ended Questions
2．5．1 Specific Open Questions
2．5．2 clarification Questions
2．5．3 Sentence Completion Items
2．5．4 Short—Answer Questions
2．6 HOW to Write Good Items
2．6．1 Drawing Up an“Item Pool”
2．6．2 Rules About Writing Items
2．6．3 WrRing Sensitive Items
2．7 Grouping and Sequencing Items
2．7．1 Clear and Orderly Structure
2．7．2 Opening Questions
2．7．3 Factual（or“Personal”or“Classification”、Questions at the End
2．7．4 Open—Ended Questions at the End
2．8 Translating the Questionnaire
2．8．1 Translation as a Team—Based Approach
2．8．2 Translation with Limited Resources
2．9 Computer Programs for Constructing Questionnaires
2．10 Piloting the Questionnaire and Conducting Item Analysis
2．10．1 Initial Piloting of the Item Pool
2．10．2 Final Piloting（"Dress Rehearsal”
2．10．3 Item Analysis

Chapter 3 Administering the Questionnaire．
3．1 Selecting the Sample
3．1．1 Sampling Procedures
3．1．2 How Large Should the Sample Be?
3．1．3 The Problem of Respondent Self．Selection
3．2 Main Types of Questionnaire Administration
3．2．1 Administration bv Mail
3．2．2 One—to—One Administration
3．2．3 Group Administration
3．2．4 Online Administration
3．3 Strategies to Increase the Quality and Quantity of Participant Response
3．3．1 Advance Notice
3．3．2 Attitudes Conveyed by Teachers，Parents，and Other Authority Figures
3．3．3 Respectable Sponsorship
3．3．4 The Presence of a Survey Administrator
3．3．5 The Behavior of the Survey Administrator
3．3．6 Communicating the Purpose and Significance ofthe Survey
3．3．7 Emphasizing Confidentiality
3．3．8 Reading Out the Questionnaire Instructions
3．3．9 The Style and Layout of the Questionnaire
3．3．10 Promising Feedback on the Results
3．4 Questionnaire Administration，Confidentiality，and Other Ethical Issues
3．4．1 Basic Ethical Principles of Data Collection
3．4．2 Obtaining Consent for Children
3．4．3 Strategies for Getting Around Anonymity

Chapter 4 Processing Questionnaire Data
4．1 Coding Questionnaire Data
4．1．1 First Things First：Assigning Identification Codes
4．1．2 Coding Quantitative Data
4．2 Inputting the Data
4．2．1 Creating and Naming the Data File
4．2．2 Keying in the Data
4．3 Processing Closed Questions
4．3．1 Data Cleaning
4．3．2 Data Manipulation
4．3．3 Reducing the Number of Variables in the Questionnaire
4．3．4 Main Types of Questionnaire Data
4．3．5 Examining the Reliability and V．aliditV Ofthe Data
4．3．6 Statistical Procedures to Analyze Data
4．4 Content Analysis of Open—Ended Questions
4．5 Compmer Programs for Processing Questionnaire Data
4．6 Summarizing and Reporting Questionnaire Data
4．6．1 General Guidelines
4．6．2 Technical Information to Accompany Survey Results
4．6．3 Reader．Friendly Data Presentation Methods
4．7 Complementing Questionnaire Data with Other Information
4．7．1 Questionnaire Survey with Follow—up Interview or Retrospection
4．7．2 Questionnaire Survey Facilitated by Preceding Interview

Chapter 5 Illustration：Developing a Motivation Questionnaire
5．1 construction of the Initial Questionnaire
5．1．1 Deciding the ComemAreas to be Covered in the Questionnaire
5．1．2 Designing Items for the Item Pool
5．1．3 Designing Rating Scales
5．1．4 Designing the Personal Information Section
5．1．5 Designing Instructions
5．1．6 Designing the Questionnaire Format
5．1．7 Grouping and Organizing Items and Questions
5．2 Translating and Initial Piloting
5．3 Final Piloting and Item Analysis
5．3．1 Missing Values and the Range of Responses
5．3．2 The Intemal Consistency ReliabjlitV of the Initial Scales
5．3．3 Modification of the Personal Information Items
5．4 The Final Version of the Japanese Ouestionnaire and Post Hoc Item Analysis
5．5 Adapting the Questionnaire for Use in China and Iran

Conclusion and Checklist
References
Appendix A：Combined List of the Items Included in the Questionnaires Discussed in Chapter 5
Appendix B：The Final Version ofthe Questionnaires Used in Japan andChina
Appendix C：Selected List of Published L2 Questionnaires
研究案例：中国大学本科生英语学习动机类型
高一虹、赵媛、程英、周燕
Author Index
Subject Index