Front Matter
 1 Introduction
  1.1 Face Recognition—Machine Versus Human
  1.2 Proposed Approach
  1.3 Prospective Applications
   1.3.1 Recognition in the Future Intelligent Home
   1.3.2 Automotive
   1.3.3 Mobile Phone for Children
  1.4 Outline
  References
 2 Fundamentals and Advances in Biometrics and Face Recognition
  2.1 Generalized Biometric Recognition
  2.2 Cognitive-based Biometric Recognition
   2.2.1 Introduction
   2.2.2 History of Cognitive Science
   2.2.3 Human Brain Structure
   2.2.4 Generic Methods in Cognitive Science
   2.2.5 Visual Function in Human Brain
   2.2.6 General Cognitive-based Object Recognition
   2.2.7 Cognitive-based Face Recognition
   2.2.8 Inspirations from Cognitive-based Face Recognition
  2.3 Machine-based Biometric Recognition
   2.3.1 Introduction
   2.3.2 Biometric Recognition Tasks
   2.3.3 Enrollment—a Special Biometric Procedure
   2.3.4 Biometric Methods Overview
   2.3.5 Fingerprint Recognition
  2.4 Generalized Face Recognition Procedure
  2.5 Machine-based Face Detection
   2.5.1 Face Detection Categories
  2.6 Machine-based Face Tracking
  2.7 Machine-based Face Recognition
   2.7.1 Overview 41Contents X
   2.7.2 Benchmark Studies of Face Recognition
   2.7.3 Some General Terms Used in Face Recognition
   2.7.4 Recognition Procedures and Methods
   2.7.5 Video-based Recognition
   2.7.6 Unsupervised and Fully Automatic Approaches
  2.8 Summary and Discussions
  References
 3 Combined Face Detection and Tracking Methods
  3.1 Introduction
  3.2 Image-based Face Detection.
   3.2.1 Choice of the Detection Algorithm
   3.2.2 Overview of the Detection Algorithm
   3.2.3 Face Region Estimation
   3.2.4 Face Detection Quality
  3.3 Temporal-based Face Detection
   3.3.1 Overview
   3.3.2 Search Region Estimation
   3.3.3 Analysis of Temporal Changes
  3.4 Summary
  3.5 Further Discussions
  References
 4 Automatic Face Recognition
  4.1 Overview
  4.2 Feature Extraction and Encoding
  4.3 Matching/Classification
   4.3.1 Image-based Classifier
   4.3.2 Adaptive Similarity Threshold
   4.3.3 Temporal Filtering
  4.4 Combined Same Face Decision Algorithms
  4.5 Summary
  References
 5 Unsupervised Face Database Construction
  5.1 Introduction
  5.2 Backgrounds for Constructing Face Databases
   5.2.1 Supervised Learning
   5.2.2 Unsupervised Learning
   5.2.3 Clustering Analysis
  5.3 Database Structure
   5.3.1 A Fused Clustering Method
   5.3.2 Parameters in the Proposed Structure
  5.4 Features of an Optimum Database .. 122Contents XI
  References
 6 State Machine Based Automatic Procedure
  6.1 Introduction
  6.2 States Explorations
 7 System Implementation
  7.1 Introduction
  7.2 Typical Hardware Configuration
  7.3 Software Implementation
   7.3.1 Overview
   7.3.2 Implementation Efforts
  7.4 Technology Dependent Parameters
  7.5 Summary
  References
 8 Performance Analysis
  8.1 Introduction
  8.2 Performance of Face Detection
  8.3 Performance of Face Recognition
  8.4 Performance of Database Construction Algorithms
  8.5 Overall Performance of the Whole System
   8.5.1 Online Version
   8.5.2 Offline Version
   8.5.3 Critical Assumptions
  8.6 Summary
  References
 9 Conclusions and Future Directions
  9.1 Conclusions
  9.2 Future Directions
 Index