目录
前言
术语表
第1章　概述：为什么需要项目管理 1
项目导读1-1　尼日利亚拉各斯的开发项目 2
概述 4
1.1　什么是项目 5
1.2　为什么项目很重要 9
项目导读1-2　“拿钱打水漂”：BBC的数字媒体计划 10
1.3　项目生命周期 13
实践中的项目经理1-1　斯蒂芬妮·史密斯，西屋电气公司 15
1.4　项目成功的决定因素 16
项目管理研究精要1-1　如何评估IT项目的成功 19
1.5　建立项目管理成熟度 19
1.6　项目的基础和本书的组织框架 23
小结 27
讨论题 29
案例分析1-1　米格科技有限公司 29
案例分析1-2　汉姆林医院的信息技术部门 30
案例分析1-3　迪士尼珠峰探险 31
案例分析1-4　智利矿工的救援 32
网上练习 33
项目管理职业认证考试样题 34
注释 34
第2章　组织的环境：战略、结构和文化 36
项目导读2-1　特斯拉的50亿美元豪赌 37
概述 38
2.1　项目与组织战略 39
2.2　干系人管理 41
2.3　组织结构 47
2.4　组织结构的形式 48
项目管理研究精要2-1　组织结构对项目绩效的影响 56
2.5　项目管理办公室 57
2.6　组织文化 59
项目导读2-2　美国艺电公司与设计团队中坚固的文化力量 64
小结 65
讨论题 67
案例分析2-1　劳斯莱斯公司 67
案例分析2-2　经典案例：失乐园—施乐
公司的Alto个人电脑 68
案例分析2-3　项目任务估计和“扩大–压缩”文化 69
案例分析2-4　WRU公司 70
网上练习 70
项目管理职业认证考试样题 70
项目综合练习　制订你的项目计划 72
注释 74
第3章　项目选择和项目群管理 76
项目导读3-1　项目选择的程序：来自多个行业的项目选择实例 77
概述 78
3.1　项目选择 78
3.2　项目审查和选择的方法 80
3.3　财务模型 90
项目导读3-2　通用电气公司的项目选择和审查：关卡似的过程 97
3.4　项目群管理 98
小结 105
已解决的问题 107
讨论题 108
练习题 108
案例分析3-1　凯夫拉维克纸业公司 111
案例分析3-2　西部新星有限公司 112
网上练习 113
注释 113
第4章　领导力与项目经理 115
项目导读4-1　伦敦奥运会的杰出领导者—约翰·阿米特爵士 116
概述 117
4.1　领导者与经理 118
4.2　项目经理如何领导团队 119
项目管理研究精要4-1　领导力与情商 124
4.3　卓越的项目领导者的特质 125
项目导读4-2　伊拉图瓦拉皮尔·斯里达兰博士，印度的项目管理明星 126
4.4　项目倡导者 127
4.5　新的项目领导力 131
实践中的项目经理4-1　比尔·莫厄里，计算机科学公司 132
项目导读4-3　全球化管理的挑战 133
4.6　项目管理职业化 134
小结 135
讨论题 136
案例分析4-1　寻找高效的项目经理 137
案例分析4-2　发掘情商，成为一个真正的领导者 137
案例分析4-3　约翰的难题 138
网上练习 141
项目管理职业认证考试样题 141
注释 142
第5章　范围管理 144
项目导读5-1　案例：“我们就像傻瓜”— 俄勒冈州失败的奥巴马医保网站 145
概述 146
5.1　概念开发 148
项目导读5-2　工作说明：当时与现在 151
5.2　范围说明 153
5.3　工作授权 161
项目导读5-3　定义项目工作包 163
5.4　范围报告 164
项目管理研究精要5-1　信息技术项目的“死亡之旅” 165
5.5　控制系统 167
5.6　项目收尾 169
小结 170
讨论题 171
练习题 172
案例分析5-1　波音的虚拟围墙 172
案例分析5-2　加利福尼亚的高速铁路项目 173
案例分析5-3　Dotcom.com的项目管理 175
案例分析5-4　远征战车 176
网上练习 178
项目管理职业认证考试样题 178
MS Project练习 179
附录5A　项目章程样本 180
项目综合练习　制定工作分解结构 182
注释 184
第6章　项目团队的建设、冲突和谈判 186
项目导读6-1　无国界工程师协会：项目团队改善生活 187
概述 188
6.1　建设项目团队 189
6.2　高效项目团队的特征 192
6.3　团队失败的原因 194
6.4　团队发展的阶段 196
6.5　实现跨职能合作 199
6.6　虚拟的项目团队 202
项目导读6-2　远距离虚拟实镜技术让虚拟团队的交流变得容易 203
6.7　冲突管理 204
6.8　谈判 209
小结 214
讨论题 215
案例分析6-1　哥伦布器械公司 215
案例分析6-2　善于计算的人与牛仔 216
案例分析6-3　约翰逊&罗杰斯软件工程公司 217
谈判练习 219
网上练习 220
项目管理职业认证考试样题 220
注释 221
第7章　风险管理 223
项目导读7-1　可以熔化汽车的建筑 224
概述 225
实践中的项目经理7-1　马修·保罗，通用电气公司 227
7.1　风险管理过程的4个阶段 228
项目导读7-2　美国银行完全错估了客户 230
项目导读7-3　上海公寓楼倒塌 239
7.2　项目风险管理：一种集成方法 241
小结 243
已解决的问题 244
讨论题 244
练习题 244
案例分析7-1　经典案例：德哈维兰陨落的彗星 245
案例分析7-2　浮不起来的西班牙海军潜艇 248
案例分析7-3　经典案例：塔科马海峡吊桥 249
网上练习 251
项目管理职业认证考试样题 251
项目综合练习 项目风险评估 253
注释 255
第8章　成本估算和预算 256
项目导读8-1　索契冬奥会—国家声望值多少钱 257
8.1　成本管理 259
8.2　成本估算 262
项目管理研究精要8-1　软件成本估算 270
项目管理研究精要8-2　大型基础设施建设中的欺诈行为 274
8.3　制定项目预算 275
8.4　制定应急费用预算 278
小结 280
已解决的问题 282
讨论题 283
练习题 284
案例分析8-1　基础设施项目的隐藏成本—建设大坝的案例 286
案例分析8-2　波士顿中心干线/隧道项目 288
网上练习 290
项目管理职业认证考试样题 290
项目综合练习　制定成本估算和预算 292
注释 294
第9章　项目进度计划：网络、历时估计和关键路径 296
项目导读9-1　耗费巨资却一无所得：里海卡什干石油开采项目 297
概述 298
9.1　项目进度计划 299
9.2　关键术语 300
9.3　绘制网络图 302
9.4　历时估计 307
9.5　确定关键路径 311
项目管理研究精要9-1　软件开发延时及解决方法 321
小结 322
已解决的问题 323
讨论题 325
练习题 325
网上练习 327
MS Project练习 328
项目管理职业认证考试样题 328
注释 329
第10章　项目进度计划：滞后、赶工和活动网络 330
项目导读10-1　扩建巴拿马运河 331
概述 333
10.1　活动中的滞后关系 333
10.2　甘特图 335
实践中的项目经理10-1　克里斯托弗·富尔茨，劳斯莱斯公司 338
10.3　项目赶工 340
10.4　双代号网络图 348
10.5　使用网络的争议 354
小结 356
已解决的问题 357
讨论题 358
练习题 358
案例分析10-1　布朗克切克建筑公司的项目进度计划（A） 360
案例分析10-2　布朗克切克建筑公司的项目进度计划（B） 360
MS Project练习 361
项目管理职业认证考试样题 361
项目综合练习　制订项目进度计划 363
注释 365
第11章　计划和排班的高级课题：敏捷和关键链 366
项目导读11-1　通过Kickstarter众筹平台来开发项目—交付日期意味着一切吗 367
概述 368
11.1　敏捷项目管理 369
项目管理研究精要11-1　敏捷是否有作用 376
11.2　极限编程 377
11.3　约束理论和关键链项目进度计划 377
11.4　关键链项目进度的解决办法 379
项目导读11-2　美国礼来制药公司与其关键链项目管理的实现 385
11.5　使用关键链法解决资源冲突 386
11.6　关键链项目群管理 387
项目管理研究精要11-2　关键链进度的优势 390
11.7　对CCPM的批评 391
小结 391
已解决的问题 393
讨论题 394
练习题 394
案例分析11-1　这是敏捷的世界 396
案例分析11-2　德国战车产品有限公司 397
网上练习 398
注释 398
第12章　资源管理 400
项目导读12-1　香港与世界上最长的天然气管道相连 401
概述 402
12.1　资源约束的基础 402
12.2　资源负载 405
12.3　资源平衡 407
12.4　资源负载图 416
实践中的项目经理12-1　凯文·奥唐奈上尉，美国海军陆战队 418
12.5　多项目环境下的资源管理 420
小结 423
已解决的问题 424
讨论题 425
练习题 425
案例分析12-1　多任务处理导致的问题 427
网上练习 428
MS Project练习 428
项目管理职业认证考试样题 429
项目综合练习　管理你的项目资源 430
注释 430
第13章　项目评估和控制 431
项目导读13-1　纽约的CityTime项目 432
概述 433
13.1　控制循环：一个通用模型 434
13.2　监控项目绩效 435
13.3　挣值管理 440
13.4　使用挣值管理一组项目 450
项目导读13-2　挣值在诺斯罗普–格鲁曼公司中的应用 451
13.5　有效使用挣值管理的注意事项 452
13.6　项目评估和控制的人为因素 454
小结 458
已解决的问题 459
讨论题 460
练习题 461
案例分析13-1　Kimble大学的IT部门 463
案例分析13-2　超导超级对撞机计划 464
案例分析13-3　波音787“梦幻客机”停飞事件 465
网上练习 468
MS Project练习 468
项目管理职业认证考试样题 469
附录13A　挣得进度 470
注释 475
第14章　项目收尾和终止 477
项目导读14-1　杜克能源取消莱维县的核电厂 478
概述 479
14.1　项目终止的类别 480
实践中的项目经理14-1　迈克·布朗，劳斯莱斯公司 480
14.2　自然终止：收尾过程 482
14.3　项目的提前终止 487
项目导读14-2　“疯狂喂养”的后果：迪拜和取消的建筑项目 490
项目管理研究精要14-1　IT行业的项目终止 492
14.4　准备项目终期报告 494
小结 496
讨论题 497
案例分析14-1　被终止的哈德逊河隧道工程 497
案例分析14-2　永不结束的项目 499
案例分析14-3　海军终止旗舰战舰的开发 500
网上练习 501
项目管理职业认证考试样题 502
附录14A 　项目签署文件的样本页 503
注释 507
附录A　累积标准正态分布 509
附录B　MS Project 2013指南 510
附录C　项目计划框架 520
Contents
Preface
Glossary
Chapter 1 IntroduCtIon: Why ProjeCt ManageMent? 1
Project Profile: Development Projects in Lagos, Nigeria 2
Introduction 4
1.1 What Is a Project? 5
General Project Characteristics 6
1.2 Why Are Projects Important? 9
Project Profile: “Throwing Good Money after Bad”: the BBC’s Digital
Media Initiative 10
1.3 Project Life Cycles 13
Box 1.1: Project Managers in Practice 15
1.4 Determinants of Project Success 16
Box 1.2: Project Management Research in Brief 19
1.5 Developing Project Management Maturity 19
1.6 Project Elements and Text Organization 23
Summary 27 · Key Terms 29 · Discussion Questions 29
· Case Study 1.1 MegaTech, Inc. 29 · Case Study 1.2 The IT
Department at Hamelin Hospital 30 · Case Study 1.3 Disney’s Expedition
Everest 31 · Case Study 1.4 Rescue of Chilean Miners 32 · Internet
Exercises 33 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 34 · Notes 34
Chapter 2 the organIzatIonal Context: Strategy, StruCture,
and Culture 36
Project Profile: Case — Tesla’s $5 Billion Gamb le 37
Introduction 38
2.1 Projects and Organizational Strategy 39
2.2 Stakeholder Management 41
Identifying Project Stakeholders 42
Managing Stakeholders 45
2.3 Organizational Structure 47
2.4 Forms of Organizational Structure 48
Functional Organizations 48
Project Organizations 50
Matrix Organizations 53
Moving to Heavyweight Project Organizations 55
Box 2.1: Project Management Research in Brief 56
2.5 Project Management Offices 57
2.6 Organizational Culture 59
How Do Cultures Form? 61
Organizational Culture and Project Management 63
Project Profile: Electronic Arts and the Power of Strong Culture in Design Teams 64
Summary 65 · Key Terms 67 · Discussion Questions 67 · Case
Study 2.1 Rolls-Royce Corporation 67 · Case Study 2.2 Classic Case:
Paradise Lost—The Xerox Alto 68 · Case Study 2.3 Project Task Estimation
and the Culture of “Gotcha!” 69 · Case Study 2.4 Widgets ’R Us 70
· Internet Exercises 70 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 70
· Integrated Project—Building Your Project Plan 72 · Notes 74
Chapter 3 ProjeCt SeleCtIon and PortfolIo ManageMent 76
Project Profile: Project Selection Procedures: A Cross-Industry Sampler 77
Introduction 78
3.1 Project Selection 78
3.2 Approaches to Project Screening and Selection 80
Method One: Checklist Model 80
Method Two: Simplified Scoring Models 82
Limitations of Scoring Models 84
Method Three: The Analytical Hierarchy Process 84
Method Four: Profile Models 88
3.3 Financial Models 90
Payback Period 90
Net Present Value 92
Discounted Payback 94
Internal Rate of Return 94
Choosing a Project Selection Approach 96
Project Profile: Project Selection and Screening at GE: The Tollgate Process 97
3.4 Project Portfolio Management 98
Objectives and Initiatives 99
Developing a Proactive Portfolio 100
Keys to Successful Project Portfolio Management 103
Problems in Implementing Portfolio Management 104
Summary 105 · Key Terms 106 · Solved Problems 107
· Discussion Questions 108 · Problems 108 · Case Study 3.1
Keflavik Paper Company 111 · Case Study 3.2 Project Selection at Nova
Western, Inc. 112 · Internet Exercises 113 · Notes 113
Chapter 4 leaderShIP and the ProjeCt Manager 115
Project Profile: Leading by Example for the London Olympics—Sir John Armitt 116
Introduction 117
4.1 Leaders Versus Managers 118
4.2 How the Project Manager Leads 119
Acquiring Project Resources 119
Motivating and Building Teams 120
Having a Vision and Fighting Fires 121
Communicating 121
Box 4.1: Project Management Research in Brief 124
4.3 Traits of Effective Project Leaders 125
Conclusions about Project Leaders 126
Project Profile: Dr. Elattuvalapil Sreedharan, India’s Project Management Guru 126
4.4 Project Champions 127
Champions—Who Are They? 128
What Do Champions Do? 129
How to Make a Champion 130
4.5 The New Project Leadership 131
Box 4.2: Project Managers in Practice 132
Project Profile: The Challenge of Managing Internationally 133
4.6 Project Management Professionalism 134
Summary 135 · Key Terms 136 · Discussion Questions 136
· Case Study 4.1 In Search of Effective Project Managers 137
· Case Study 4.2 Finding the Emotional Intelligence to Be a Real Leader 137
· Case Study 4.3 Problems with John 138 · Internet Exercises 141
· PMP Certification Sample Questions 141 · Notes 142
Chapter 5 SCoPe ManageMent 144
Project Profile: Case — “We look like fools.”—Oregon’s Failed Rollout of Its Obamacare
Web Site 145
Introduction 146
5.1 Conceptual Development 148
The Statement of Work 150
The Project Charter 151
Project Profile: Statements of Work: Then and Now 151
5.2 The Scope Statement 153
The Work Breakdown Structure 153
Purposes of the Work Breakdown Structure 154
The Organization Breakdown Structure 159
The Responsibility Assignment Matrix 160
5.3 Work Authorization 161
Project Profile: Defining a Project Work Package 163
5.4 Scope Reporting 164
Box 5.1: Project Management Research in Brief 165
5.5 Control Systems 167
Configuration Management 167
5.6 Project Closeout 169
Summary 170 · Key Terms 171 · Discussion Questions 171
· Problems 172 · Case Study 5.1 Boeing’s Virtual Fence 172
· Case Study 5.2 California’s High-Speed Rail Project 173 · Case
Study 5.3 Project Management at Dotcom.com 175 · Case Study 5.4
The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle 176 · Internet Exercises 178
· PMP Certification Sample Questions 178 · MS Project Exercises 179
· Appendix 5.1: Sample Project Charter 180 · Integrated Project—
Developing the Work Breakdown Structure 182 · Notes 184
Chapter 6 ProjeCt teaM BuIldIng, ConflICt, and negotIatIon 186
Project Profile: Engineers Without Borders: Project Teams Impacting Lives 187
Introduction 188
6.1 Building the Project Team 189
Identify Necessary Skill Sets 189
Identify People Who Match the Skills 189
Talk to Potential Team Members and Negotiate with Functional Heads 189
Build in Fallback Positions 191
Assemble the Team 191
6.2 Characteristics of Effective Project Teams 192
A Clear Sense of Mission 192
A Productive Interdependency 192
Cohesiveness 193
Trust 193
Enthusiasm 193
Results Orientation 194
6.3 Reasons Why Teams Fail 194
Poorly Developed or Unclear Goals 194
Poorly Defined Project Team Roles and Interdependencies 194
Lack of Project Team Motivation 195
Poor Communication 195
Poor Leadership 195
Turnover Among Project Team Members 196
Dysfunctional Behavior 196
6.4 Stages in Group Development 196
Stage One: Forming 197
Stage Two: Storming 197
Stage Three: Norming 198
Stage Four: Performing 198
Stage Five: Adjourning 198
Punctuated Equilibrium 198
6.5 Achieving Cross-Functional Cooperation 199
Superordinate Goals 199
Rules and Procedures 200
Physical Proximity 201
Accessibility 201
Outcomes of Cooperation: Task and Psychosocial Results 201
6.6 Virtual Project Teams 202
Project Profile: Tele-Immersion Technology Eases the Use
of Virtual Teams 203
6.7 Conflict Management 204
What Is Conflict? 205
Sources of Conflict 206
Methods for Resolving Conflict 208
6.8 Negotiation 209
Questions to Ask Prior to the Negotiation 209
Principled Negotiation 210
Invent Options for Mutual Gain 212
Insist on Using Objective Criteria 213
Summary 214 · Key Terms 214 · Discussion Questions 215 · Case
Study 6.1 Columbus Instruments 215 · Case Study 6.2 The Bean Counter
and the Cowboy 216 · Case Study 6.3 Johnson & Rogers Software
Engineering, Inc. 217 · Exercise in Negotiation 219 · Internet
Exercises 220 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 220 · Notes 221
Chapter 7 rISk ManageMent 223
Project Profile: The Building that Melted Cars 224
Introduction 225
Box 7.1: Project Managers in Practice 227
7.1 Risk Management: A Four-Stage Process 228
Risk Identification 228
Project Profile: Bank of America Completely Misjudges Its Customers 230
Risk Breakdown Structures 231
Analysis of Probability and Consequences 231
Risk Mitigation Strategies 234
Use of Contingency Reserves 236
Other Mitigation Strategies 237
Control and Documentation 237
Project Profile: Collapse of Shanghai Apartment Building 239
7.2 Project Risk Management: An Integrated Approach 241
Summary 243 · Key Terms 244 · Solved Problem 244 · Discussion
Questions 244 · Problems 244 · Case Study 7.1 Classic Case: de
Havilland’s Falling Comet 245 · Case Study 7.2 The Spanish Navy Pays
Nearly $3 Billion for a Submarine That Will Sink Like a Stone 248 · Case
Study 7.3 Classic Case: Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge 249 · Internet
Exercises 251 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 251 · Integrated
Project—Project Risk Assessment 253 · Notes 255
Chapter 8 CoSt eStIMatIon and BudgetIng 256
Project Profile: Sochi Olympics—What’s the Cost of National Prestige? 257
8.1 Cost Management 259
Direct Versus Indirect Costs 260
Recurring Versus Nonrecurring Costs 261
Fixed Versus Variable Costs 261
Normal Versus Expedited Costs 262
8.2 Cost Estimation 262
Learning Curves in Cost Estimation 266
Box 8.1: Project Management Research in Brief 270
Problems with Cost Estimation 272
Box 8.2: Project Management Research in Brief 274
8.3 Creating a Project Budget 275
Top-Down Budgeting 275
Bottom-Up Budgeting 276
Activity-Based Costing 276
8.4 Developing Budget Contingencies 278
Summary 280 · Key Terms 281 · Solved Problems 282
· Discussion Questions 283 · Problems 284 · Case Study 8.1 The
Hidden Costs of Infrastructure Projects—The Case of Building Dams 286
· Case Study 8.2 Boston’s Central Artery/Tunnel Project 288 · Internet
Exercises 290 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 290 · Integrated
Project—Developing the Cost Estimates and Budget 292 · Notes 294
Chapter 9 ProjeCt SChedulIng: netWorkS, duratIon eStIMatIon,
and CrItICal Path 296
Project Profile: After 20 Years and More Than $50 Billion, Oil is No Closer to the Surface:
The Caspian Kashagan Project 297
Introduction 298
9.1 Project Scheduling 299
9.2 Key Scheduling Terminology 300
9.3 Developing a Network 302
Labeling Nodes 303
Serial Activities 303
Concurrent Activities 303
Merge Activities 304
Burst Activities 305
9.4 Duration Estimation 307
9.5 Constructing the Critical Path 311
Calculating the Network 311
The Forward Pass 312
The Backward Pass 314
Probability of Project Completion 316
Laddering Activities 318
Hammock Activities 319
Options for Reducing the Critical Path 320
Box 9.1: Project Management Research in Brief 321
Summary 322 · Key Terms 323 · Solved Problems 323 ·
Discussion Questions 325 · Problems 325 · Internet
Exercises 327 · MS Project Exercises 328 · PMP Certification
Sample Questions 328 · Notes 329
Chapter 10 ProjeCt SChedulIng: laggIng, CraShIng, and aCtIvIty
netWorkS 330
Project Profile: Enlarging the Panama Canal 331
Introduction 333
10.1 Lags in Precedence Relationships 333
Finish to Start 333
Finish to Finish 334
Start to Start 334
Start to Finish 335
10.2 Gantt Charts 335
Adding Resources to Gantt Charts 337
Incorporating Lags in Gantt Charts 338
Box 10.1: Project Managers in Practice 338
10.3 Crashing Projects 340
Options for Accelerating Projects 340
Crashing the Project: Budget Effects 346
10.4 Activity-on-Arrow Networks 348
How Are They Different? 348
Dummy Activities 351
Forward and Backward Passes with AOA Networks 352
AOA Versus AON 353
10.5 Controversies in the Use of Networks 354
Conclusions 356
Summary 356 · Key Terms 357 · Solved Problems 357 · Discussion
Questions 358 · Problems 358 · Case Study 10.1 Project Scheduling
at Blanque Cheque Construction (A) 360 · Case Study 10.2 Project
Scheduling at Blanque Cheque Construction (B) 360 · MS Project
Exercises 361 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 361 · Integrated
Project—Developing the Project Schedule 363 · Notes 365
Chapter 11 advanCed toPICS In PlannIng and SChedulIng: agIle
and CrItICal ChaIn 366
Project Profile: Developing Projects Through Kickstarter—Do Delivery Dates Mean
Anything? 367
Introduction 368
11.1 Agile Project Management 369
What Is Unique About Agile PM? 370
Tasks Versus Stories 371
Key Terms in Agile PM 372
Steps in Agile 373
Sprint Planning 374
Daily Scrums 374
The Development Work 374
Sprint Reviews 375
Sprint Retrospective 376
Problems with Agile 376
Box 11.1: Project Management Research in Brief 376
11.2 Extreme Programming (XP) 377
11.3 The Theory of Constraints and Critical Chain Project Scheduling 377
Theory of Constraints 378
11.4 The Critical Chain Solution to Project Scheduling 379
Developing the Critical Chain Activity Network 381
Critical Chain Solutions Versus Critical Path Solutions 383
Project Profile: Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals and Its Commitment to Critical Chain Project
Management 385
11.5 Critical Chain Solutions to Resource Conflicts 386
11.6 Critical Chain Project Portfolio Management 387
Box 11.2: Project Management Research in Brief 390
11.7 Critiques of CCPM 391
Summary 391 · Key Terms 393 · Solved Problem 393
· Discussion Questions 394 · Problems 394 · Case Study 11.1 It’s an
Agile World 396 · Case Study 11.2 Ramstein Products, Inc. 397
· Internet Exercises 398 · Notes 398
Chapter 12 reSourCe ManageMent 400
Project Profile: Hong Kong Connects to the World’s Longest Natural
Gas Pipeline 401
Introduction 402
12.1 The Basics of Resource Constraints 402
Time and Resource Scarcity 403
12.2 Resource Loading 405
12.3 Resource Leveling 407
Step One: Develop the Resource-Loading Table 411
Step Two: Determine Activity Late Finish Dates 412
Step Three: Identify Resource Overallocation 412
Step Four: Level the Resource-Loading Table 412
12.4 Resource-Loading Charts 416
Box 12.1: Project Managers in Practice 418
12.5 Managing Resources in Multiproject Environments 420
Schedule Slippage 420
Resource Utilization 420
In-Process Inventory 421
Resolving Resource Decisions in Multiproject Environments 421
Summary 423 · Key Terms 424 · Solved Problem 424 ·
Discussion Questions 425 · Problems 425 · Case Study 12.1 The
Problems of Multitasking 427 · Internet Exercises 428 · MS Project
Exercises 428 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 429 · Integrated
Project—Managing Your Project’s Resources 430 · Notes 430
Chapter 13 ProjeCt evaluatIon and Control 431
Project Profile: New York City’s CityTime Project 432
Introduction 433
13.1 Control Cycles—A General Model 434
13.2 Monitoring Project Performance 435
The Project S-Curve: A Basic Tool 435
S-Curve Drawbacks 436
Milestone Analysis 437
Problems with Milestones 438
The Tracking Gantt Chart 439
Benefits and Drawbacks of Tracking Gantt Charts 440
13.3 Earned Value Management 440
Terminology for Earned Value 441
Creating Project Baselines 442
Why Use Earned Value? 443
Steps in Earned Value Management 444
Assessing a Project’s Earned Value 445
13.4 Using Earned Value to Manage a Portfolio of Projects 450
Project Profile: Earned Value at Northrop Grumman 451
13.5 Issues in the Effective Use of Earned Value Management 452
13.6 Human Factors in Project Evaluation and Control 454
Critical Success Factor Definitions 456
Conclusions 458
Summary 458 · Key Terms 459 · Solved Problem 459 ·
Discussion Questions 460 · Problems 461 · Case Study 13.1 The
IT Department at Kimble College 463 · Case Study 13.2 The Superconducting
Supercollider 464 · Case Study 13.3 Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner:
Failure to Launch 465 · Internet Exercises 468 · MS Project
Exercises 468 · PMP Certification Sample Questions 469
· Appendix 13.1: Earned Schedule* 470 · Notes 475
Chapter 14 ProjeCt CloSeout and terMInatIon 477
Project Profile: Duke Energy and Its Cancelled Levy County Nuclear
Power Plant 478
Introduction 479
14.1 Types of Project Termination 480
Box 14.1: Project Managers in Practice 480
14.2 Natural Termination—The Closeout Process 482
Finishing the Work 482
Handing Over the Project 482
Gaining Acceptance for the Project 483
Harvesting the Benefits 483
Reviewing How It All Went 483
Putting It All to Bed 485
Disbanding the Team 486
What Prevents Effective Project Closeouts? 486
14.3 Early Termination for Projects 487
Making the Early Termination Decision 489
Project Profile: Case — Aftermath of a “Feeding Frenzy”: Dubai and Ca ncelled
Construction Projects 490
Shutting Down the Project 490
Box 14.2: Project Management Research in Brief 492
Allowing for Claims and Disputes 493
14.4 Preparing the Final Project Report 494
Conclusion 496
Summary 496 · Key Terms 497 · Discussion Questions 497
· Case Study 14.1 New Jersey Kills Hudson River Tunnel Project 497
· Case Study 14.2 The Project That Wouldn’t Die 499 · Case Study 14.3
The Navy Scraps Development of Its Showpiece Warship—Until the Next
Bad Idea 500 · Internet Exercises 501 · PMP Certification Sample
Questions 502 · Appendix 14.1: Sample Pages from Project Sign-off
Document 503 · Notes 507
Appendix A The Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution 509
Appendix B Tutorial for MS Project 2013 510
Appendix C Project Plan Template 520