第 1 章  绪论 ·········································································· 11.1 作物育种发展简史 ·················································· 11.1.1 植物性别的确定·············································· 21.1.2 早期的植物杂交试验 ········································ 21.1.3 作物育种理论基础的建立 ·································· 31.1.4 作物育种方法的形成 ········································ 41.1.5 作物育种的重要事件 ········································ 41.2 作物育种学的内容和性质 ········································· 51.2.1 作物育种学的主要内容 ····································· 61.2.2 作物育种学的性质 ··········································· 71.2.3 作物育种学的相关学科 ····································· 71.3 作物品种及其在农业生产中的作用 ····························· 81.3.1 品种的概念 ··················································· 81.3.2 作物优良品种在农业生产中的作用 ······················· 91.4 作物育种的成就与展望 ·········································· 101.4.1 现代育种的成就············································ 101.4.2 作物育种工作的展望 ······································ 121.5 作物育种相关的国际研究机构 ································· 13第 2 章  作物繁殖方式 ························································· 162.1 作物的繁殖方式 ··················································· 162.1.1 有性繁殖 ···················································· 172.1.2 无性繁殖 ···················································· 252.2 作物的品种类型及其育种特点 ································· 272.2.1 纯系品种 ···················································· 272.2.2 杂交种 ······················································· 282.2.3 群体品种 ···················································· 292.2.4 无性系品种 ················································· 30第 3 章  育种目标 ································································ 323.1 主要育种目标性状分析 ·········································· 323.1.1 高产 ·························································· 323.1.2 稳产 ·························································· 343.1.3 广适 ·························································· 363.1.4 优质 ·························································· 363.2 制定育种目标的原则 ············································· 37第 4 章  种质资源 ································································ 404.1 种质资源的概念和作用 ·········································· 404.1.1 种质资源的概念············································ 404.1.2 种质资源的作用············································ 404.1.3 种质资源的类别及其特点 ································ 424.2 栽培作物起源中心学说及其发展 ······························ 434.2.1 瓦维洛夫的栽培作物起源中心学说 ····················· 434.2.2 栽培作物起源中心学说的发展与补充 ·················· 454.3 种质资源的工作内容 ············································· 464.3.1 种质资源的收集和保存 ··································· 474.3.2 种质资源的评价与研究 ··································· 514.3.3 种质资源的创新和利用 ··································· 524.3.4 种质资源的信息化 ········································· 53第 5 章  性状的鉴定 ····························································· 565.1 性状鉴定的内容和方法 ·········································· 575.1.1 性状鉴定的内容············································ 575.1.2 性状鉴定的方法············································ 575.2 农艺性状的鉴定 ··················································· 595.2.1 农艺性状的鉴定内容 ······································ 595.2.2 农艺性状的鉴定方法 ······································ 595.3 产量性状的鉴定 ··················································· 605.3.1 产量性状的鉴定内容 ······································ 605.3.2 产量性状的鉴定方法 ······································ 605.4 抗逆性状的鉴定 ··················································· 605.4.1 抗生物逆境性状的鉴定 ··································· 615.4.2 抗非生物逆境性状的鉴定 ································ 635.5 品质性状的鉴定 ··················································· 705.5.1 作物品质性状的类别 ······································ 705.5.2 作物品质性状的鉴定 ······································ 725.6 适应机械化生产性状的鉴定 ···································· 745.6.1 适应机械化生产性状的鉴定内容 ························ 745.6.2 适应机械化生产性状的鉴定方法 ························ 74第 6 章  引种与选择育种 ······················································ 766.1 引种 ·································································· 766.1.1 引种的意义 ················································· 766.1.2 引种的基本原理和引种规律 ····························· 786.1.3 引种程序 ···················································· 826.2 选择育种 ···························································· 846.2.1 选择的基本原理············································ 856.2.2 选择育种程序 ·············································· 86第 7 章  杂交育种 ································································ 897.1 杂交亲本的选配 ··················································· 897.1.1 双亲性状优良，优缺点能够互补 ························ 907.1.2 选用适应性强、综合性状好的推广品种作为亲本 ···· 907.1.3 亲本间遗传差异要大 ······································ 917.1.4 亲本的配合力要好 ········································· 917.2 杂交技术与杂交方式 ············································· 917.2.1 杂交技术 ···················································· 917.2.2 杂交方式 ···················································· 937.3 杂交后代的处理 ··················································· 967.3.1 系谱法 ······················································· 967.3.2 混合法 ······················································ 1007.3.3 衍生系统法 ················································ 1017.3.4 单籽传法 ··················································· 1027.4 杂交育种的流程 ·················································· 1037.4.1 亲本圃 ······················································ 1037.4.2 选种圃 ······················································ 1037.4.3 鉴定圃 ······················································ 1037.4.4 品种比较试验圃··········································· 1047.4.5 区域试验和生产试验 ····································· 1047.4.6 品种审（认）定与推广 ·································· 1047.5 加速杂交育种进程的方法 ······································ 1047.5.1 加速世代进程 ············································· 1057.5.2 改进育种流程 ············································· 1057.5.3 加快种子繁殖 ············································· 105第 8 章  回交育种 ······························································· 1078.1 回交的遗传基础 ·················································· 1088.1.1 回交群体中纯合基因型比率 ···························· 1088.1.2 回交群体中背景基因回复频率·························· 1088.1.3 回交消除不利基因连锁的概率·························· 1098.2 回交法的应用 ····················································· 1108.2.1 培育作物新品种··········································· 1108.2.2 培育近等基因系和多系品种 ···························· 1108.2.3 转育细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系 ······················· 1108.2.4 加速远缘杂交后代性状的稳定·························· 1108.3 回交育种方法 ····················································· 1118.3.1 亲本的选择 ················································ 1118.3.2 回交的次数 ················································ 1118.3.3 回交后代群体大小 ········································ 1128.4 回交后代的选择 ·················································· 1138.4.1 前景选择和背景选择 ····································· 1138.4.2 显性单基因控制性状的前景选择 ······················· 1148.4.3 隐性单基因控制性状的前景选择 ······················· 1158.4.4 雄性不育性状的前景选择 ······························· 1168.4.5 共显性基因控制的胚乳性状的前景选择 ·············· 1178.4.6 主效 QTL 的前景选择 ···································· 1178.4.7 分子标记辅助前景选择和背景选择 ···················· 118第 9 章  诱变育种 ······························································· 1209.1 诱变育种的分类和特点 ········································· 1209.1.1 物理诱变育种 ············································· 1209.1.2 化学诱变育种 ············································· 1219.1.3 生物诱变 ··················································· 1229.1.4 诱变育种的特点··········································· 1239.2 突变与突变体 ····················································· 1239.2.1 突变 ························································· 1239.2.2 突变体 ······················································ 1249.2.3 嵌合体 ······················································ 1249.3 诱变育种程序 ····················································· 1249.3.1 诱变材料的选择和处理 ·································· 1249.3.2 诱变处理剂量的确定 ····································· 1269.3.3 诱变后代的处理··········································· 126第 10 章  远缘杂交 ····························································· 12910.1 远缘杂交的意义与作用 ······································· 12910.1.1 培育作物新品种 ········································· 12910.1.2 创造新物种 ··············································· 12910.1.3 创造异染色体系 ········································· 13010.1.4 诱导单倍体 ··············································· 13010.1.5 利用杂种优势 ············································ 13110.1.6 进行生物进化研究 ······································ 13110.2 远缘杂交障碍及其克服方法·································· 13110.2.1 远缘杂交障碍 ············································ 13110.2.2 克服远缘杂交障碍的方法 ······························ 13210.3 远缘杂交育种中后代的分离特点与选择原则 ············· 13510.3.1 远缘杂交后代性状分离的三个特点 ·················· 13510.3.2 远缘杂交育种中杂交后代选择的原则 ················ 13610.4 利用远缘杂交创制远缘新种质 ······························· 13610.4.1 异附加系的培育 ········································· 13610.4.2 异代换系的培育 ········································· 13810.4.3 异易位系的培育 ········································· 13910.4.4 远缘新种质中外源染色质的鉴定 ····················· 143第 11 章  倍性育种 ····························································· 15111.1 多倍体育种 ······················································ 15111.1.1 植物多倍体与植物进化 ································· 15111.1.2 多倍体的诱导与育种 ··································· 15511.2 单倍体育种 ······················································ 16311.2.1 单倍体的起源及其类型 ································· 16311.2.2 单倍体产生的途径和方法 ······························ 16411.2.3 单倍体的鉴定与二倍化 ································· 16811.2.4 单倍体在育种上的应用 ································· 169第 12 章  杂种优势利用 ······················································ 17312.1 杂种优势利用简史与现状 ···································· 17312.2 杂种优势表现特性与度量 ···································· 17512.2.1 杂种优势表现特性 ······································ 17512.2.2 杂种优势度量 ············································ 17712.2.3 杂种优势利用的基本条件 ······························ 17712.3 杂种优势形成的机理 ·········································· 17912.3.1 显性假说 ·················································· 17912.3.2 超显性假说 ··············································· 17912.3.3 上位性假说 ··············································· 18012.3.4 基因表达差异与杂种优势 ······························ 18012.4 杂交种选育 ······················································ 18112.4.1 自交系（或亲本系）的选育 ··························· 18112.4.2 自交系（或亲本系）的改良 ··························· 18412.4.3 配合力的测定 ············································ 18612.4.4 杂交种亲本的选配原则 ································· 19112.4.5 杂交种的类别及特点 ··································· 19212.5 作物杂种优势利用方法 ······································· 19512.5.1 人工去雄 ·················································· 19512.5.2 化学杀雄 ·················································· 19612.5.3 利用标志性状 ············································ 19612.5.4 利用雄性不育性 ········································· 19712.5.5 利用自交不亲和性 ······································ 19912.5.6 利用雌性系和雌性株 ··································· 20012.5.7 广亲和基因利用与籼粳杂种优势利用 ················ 201第 13 章  分子育种 ····························································· 20513.1 转基因育种 ······················································ 20513.1.1 转基因技术的发展及其在作物育种中的应用 ······· 20513.1.2 作物转基因育种程序 ··································· 20913.1.3 农业转基因生物安全评价 ······························ 22313.2 分子标记辅助选择 ············································· 22713.2.1 分子标记概述 ············································ 22813.2.2 分子标记原理 ············································ 22913.2.3 重要农艺性状基因连锁标记的筛选技术 ············· 23913.2.4 作物分子标记辅助育种 ································· 24513.3 分子设计育种 ··················································· 25413.3.1 分子设计育种的提出及意义 ··························· 25413.3.2 分子设计育种的必备条件 ······························ 25513.3.3 分子设计育种的理论基础 ······························ 25813.3.4 分子设计育种程序 ······································ 258第 14 章  群体改良 ····························································· 26414.1 群体改良的概念和意义 ······································· 26414.1.1 群体改良的概念 ········································· 26414.1.2 群体改良的意义 ········································· 26414.2 群体改良的理论基础 ·········································· 26614.2.1 Hardy-Weinberg 定律 ··································· 26614.2.2 选择对群体基因频率和基因型频率的影响 ·········· 26614.3 群体改良的轮回选择方法 ···································· 26714.3.1 群体改良的轮回选择模式及作用 ····················· 26714.3.2 轮回选择的程序 ········································· 26814.3.3 轮回选择方法 ············································ 270第 15 章  无性繁殖作物育种 ··············································· 28015.1 无性繁殖与无性系变异 ······································· 28015.2 无性繁殖作物育种 ············································· 28115.2.1 诱变育种 ·················································· 28115.2.2 利用体细胞杂交选育品种 ······························ 28115.2.3 利用无融合生殖选育品种 ······························ 28215.3 无性繁殖作物杂种优势利用·································· 28215.3.1 无性繁殖作物杂交种的选育 ··························· 28215.3.2 无性繁殖作物杂种优势的永久固定 ·················· 28315.4 细胞组织培养 ··················································· 28315.4.1 诱导体细胞发生变异 ··································· 28415.4.2 诱导产生单倍体 ········································· 28515.4.3 用于胚拯救 ··············································· 28515.4.4 用于种苗脱毒和快繁 ··································· 28515.4.5 用于转基因育种 ········································· 286第 16 章  抗病虫育种 ·························································· 28716.1 作物与有害生物的关系 ······································· 28716.1.1 基本概念 ·················································· 28716.1.2 病虫害的后果及常用防治方法 ························ 28816.2 作物抵御病虫害的防卫机制·································· 29016.2.1 关于抗性的一般论述 ··································· 29016.2.2 作物对病虫害的防卫机制 ······························ 29016.2.3 寄主抗病性和非寄主抗病性 ··························· 29216.3 作物防卫机制和病原物的特异性 ···························· 29216.3.1 作物防卫机制的特异性 ································· 29216.3.2 病原物的特异性 ········································· 29316.3.3 基因对基因学说（特异性的遗传学） ················· 29316.4 寄主抗性的类型 ················································ 29516.4.1 垂直抗性 ·················································· 29516.4.2 水平抗性 ·················································· 29716.4.3 垂直抗性和水平抗性相结合 ··························· 29816.4.4 抗性的持久性 ············································ 29816.5 抗病虫育种的策略 ············································· 29816.5.1 抗病虫育种的一般原则 ································· 29916.5.2 抗病基因的利用策略 ··································· 29916.5.3 生物技术在抗病虫育种中的应用 ····················· 30016.5.4 抗病虫育种的挑战 ······································ 30116.5.5 病害流行与作物育种 ··································· 30216.6 抗病虫育种中的鉴定筛选技术 ······························· 30316.6.1 抗性鉴定的一般要求 ··································· 30316.6.2 抗性鉴定方法 ············································ 304第 17 章  抗非生物逆境育种 ··············································· 30717.1 非生物逆境的种类及作物抗逆育种的特点 ················ 30717.1.1 作物非生物逆境的种类 ································· 30717.1.2 作物抗非生物逆境育种的意义和进展 ················ 30717.1.3 作物抗逆育种的特点 ··································· 30917.2 作物抗旱性育种 ················································ 30917.2.1 干旱胁迫与作物抗旱性 ································· 30917.2.2 作物抗旱性鉴定方法与指标 ··························· 31017.2.3 抗旱作物品种选育方法 ································· 31117.3 作物耐盐性育种 ················································ 31217.3.1 盐害与作物耐盐性 ······································ 31217.3.2 作物耐盐性鉴定方法与指标 ··························· 31317.3.3 耐盐碱作物品种的选育 ································· 31417.4 作物耐热性育种 ················································ 31517.4.1 热胁迫与作物耐热性 ··································· 31517.4.2 作物耐热性鉴定方法与指标 ··························· 31517.4.3 耐热作物品种选育方法 ································· 31817.5 作物抗寒性育种 ················································ 31917.5.1 寒害与作物抗寒性 ······································ 31917.5.2 作物抗寒性鉴定方法与指标 ··························· 31917.5.3 抗寒作物品种选育方法 ································· 321第 18 章  作物品质育种 ······················································ 32418.1 作物品质的概念及分类 ······································· 32418.1.1 作物品质的概念 ········································· 32418.1.2 作物品质的分类 ········································· 32518.1.3 作物品质性状的遗传特点 ······························ 32618.2 作物品质形成的影响因素 ···································· 32718.2.1 遗传因子 ·················································· 32818.2.2 环境条件 ·················································· 33018.3 作物品质育种方法 ············································· 33118.3.1 作物品质育种目标 ······································ 33118.3.2 作物品质育种方法 ······································ 331第 19 章  作物品种试验、品种审定与种子生产 ·················· 33919.1 作物品种试验 ··················································· 33919.1.1 品种区域试验 ············································ 33919.1.2 品种生产试验 ············································ 34019.1.3 品种栽培试验 ············································ 34119.1.4 品种真实性、品种纯度和品种 DUS 检测 ··········· 34119.1.5 品种丰产性与品种适应性评价 ························ 34219.2 作物品种审定 ··················································· 34319.2.1 作物品种审定的任务和意义 ··························· 34319.2.2 作物品种审定的组织体系 ······························ 34419.2.3 作物品种审定的程序 ··································· 34519.3 种子生产 ························································· 34519.3.1 品种混杂退化的原因和防杂措施 ····················· 34619.3.2 种子生产的程序 ········································· 347