Contents Lesson 1 Periodic Signals 1.1 Time Domain Description 1.2 Frequency Domain Description 1.3 Orthogonal Functions 1.4 The Fourier Series Exercises Reading Material: Underwater Acoustic Signal Lesson 2 Aperiodic Signal 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Exponential Form of the Fourier Series 2.3 The Fourier Transform 2.4 The Laplace Transform Exercises Reading Material: Properties of Signal and Noise Lesson 3 Sampled Data Signals 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Mathematical Description Using the Dirac Function 3.3 Spectra of Sampled-data Signals 3.4 The z-transform Exercises Reading Material: Signal Sampling Lesson 4 Random Signals 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Elements of Probability Theory 4.3 Amplitude Distribution and Moments 4.4 The Autocorrelation and Power Spectral Density Exercises Reading Material: The Processing of Random Signal Lesson 5 Static Performance 5.1 The Ideal Measuring System 5.2 Sensitivity 5.3 Accuracy and Precision 5.4 Possible and Probable Errors 5.5 Other Static Performance Terms Exercises Reading Material: Noncontact Temperature Measurement Lesson 6 Dynamic Performance 6.1 Zero-order Systems 6.2 First-order Systems 6.3 Second-order Systems 6.4 Step-response Specification 6.5 Frequency-response Specification Exercises Reading Material: Eddy Current Lesson 7 Basic Knowledge of Transducers and Resistance Transducers 7.1 Transducer Elements 7.2 Transducer Sensitivity 7.3 Characteristics of an Ideal Transducer 7.4 Electrical Transducers 7.5 Resistance Transducers Exercises Reading Material: Laser Lesson 8 Capacitance， Inductance Transducers and Some Others 8.1 Capacitive Transducers 8.2 Inductive Transducers 8.3 Linear Variable-differential Transformer （l.v.d.t.） 8.4 Piezo-electric Transducers 8.5 Electromagnetic Transducers 8.6 Thermoelectric Transducers 8.7 Photoelectric Cells （self-generating） 8.8 Mechanical Transducers and Sensing Elements Exercises Reading Material: Video Camera Lesson 9 Analog Instruments 9.1 Meter Basics 9.2 Ammeters 9.3 Current Measuring Errors 9.4 DC Voltmeters 9.5 Voltage Measuring Errors 9.6 Ohmmeter and Resistance Measurements 9.7 Series Ohmmeter 9.8 Shunt Ohmmeter 9.9 Ohmmeter Accuracy 9.10 Volt Ohm Milliammeters 9.11 Electronic Voltmeters 9.12 Transistorized Electronic Voltmeters 9.13 FET Voltmeters 9.14 Operational Amplifier Electronic Voltmeters 9.15 Electronic Current Measurements 9.16 Resistance Measurements Exercises Reading Material: Rectifier Meters Lesson 10 Digital Instruments 10.1 Digital Displays 10.2 Electronic Digital Counter 10.3 Input Signal Conditioning 10.4 Timerbase Oscillator 10.5 Timerbase Dividers 10.6 Counting Register 10.7 Digital Voltmeter Exercises Reading Material: Rise-time Measurements Lesson 11 Computer-based Test Instruments 11.1 Internal Adapters 11.2 External PC Instruments 11.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 11.4 Computer Interface 11.5 General-purpose Interface BUS Exercises Reading Material: PC-based Workstation Lesson 12 Industrial Bus 12.1 What is An Industrial Bus 12.2 Data Line Isolation Theory Exercises Reading Material: Serial Communications Systems Lesson 13 Programmable Logic Controller 13.1 Basic PLC Operation 13.2 Hard-Wired Control 13.3 Advantages of PLCs 13.4 Siemens PLCs 13.5 CPU 13.6 Programming Devices 13.7 Software 13.8 Connector Cables PPI （Point-to-Point Interface