- 电子工业出版社
- 9787121294396
- 1-1
- 294539
- 16开
- 2016年7月
- 260
- 电气类
- 研究生、本科
内容简介
本书以企业实际工作岗位为依据，以高职高专教学改革为出发点，以现代汽车售后当中“保养维护”和“故障维修”两大任务为核心，本着项目教学、任务驱动的教学理念，重点介绍了汽车检测与故障诊断所需要具备的知识储备和岗位技能。全书共7 章，内容包括车辆定期保养、汽车检测及故障诊断基础、汽车发动机机械系统的故障诊断、汽车发动机电子控制系统的故障诊断、汽车底盘系统的故障诊断、汽车电源管理与起动系统的故障诊断和汽车远程测试与诊断技术。
目录
第1 章 车辆定期保养 ····················································································································· 1
1.1 车辆定期保养概述 ············································································································· 1
1.1.1 车辆定期保养的概念······························································································ 1
1.1.2 车辆定期保养的目的······························································································ 1
1.1.3 车辆定期保养内容 ································································································· 2
1.2 发动机系统的检查与保养 ································································································· 2
1.2.1 发动机润滑系统的保养 ·························································································· 2
1.2.2 发动机冷却系统的保养 ·························································································· 4
1.2.3 燃油滤清器的检查与更换 ······················································································ 5
1.2.4 空气滤清器的检查与更换 ······················································································ 6
1.2.5 点火系统检查与更换······························································································ 8
1.2.6 发动机辅助皮带的检查与更换 ·············································································· 9
1.2.7 发动机正时皮带的检查与更换 ············································································ 10
1.2.8 发动机外观检查 ··································································································· 11
1.3 底盘传动系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 12
1.3.1 变速箱的检查与保养···························································································· 12
1.3.2 差速器的检查与保养···························································································· 14
1.4 底盘转向系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 16
1.4.1 转向助力油的更换 ······························································································· 16
1.4.2 转向系统的泄漏检查···························································································· 17
1.4.3 转向拉杆与球头的检查 ························································································ 18
1.5 底盘悬架系统与车轮的检查 ··························································································· 19
1.5.1 悬架系统的检查 ··································································································· 19
1.5.2 车轮的检查 ··········································································································· 20
1.6 底盘制动系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 22
1.6.1 刹车油的检查与更换···························································································· 22
1.6.2 刹车片的检查与更换···························································································· 23
1.6.3 驻车刹车的检查与调整 ························································································ 25
1.7 汽车电气系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 27
1.7.1 空调系统的保养与检查 ························································································ 27
1.7.2 灯光系统的检查 ··································································································· 28
1.7.3 雨刮与清洗系统的检查与保养 ············································································ 30
1.7.4 车辆电气功能的检查···························································································· 33
1.8 车辆保养的后续工作 ······································································································· 34
1.8.1 保养提示重设 ······································································································· 34
1.8.2 电气功能恢复 ······································································································· 35
1.8.3 车门铰链的润滑 ··································································································· 36
1.8.4 保养检查清单的填写···························································································· 36
1.8.5 整理 ······················································································································· 37
1.9 保养过程中注意事项 ······································································································· 37
附录1A 小保养检查清单 ······································································································ 38
附录1B 大保养检查清单 ······································································································ 39
第2 章 汽车检测与故障诊断基础 ································································································ 40
2.1 国内外汽车诊断技术的特点与发展 ··············································································· 40
2.1.1 国外汽车检测与诊断技术特点 ············································································ 40
2.1.2 国内汽车检测诊断技术的特点 ············································································ 41
2.1.3 国内外汽车检测与诊断技术差异 ········································································ 42
2.1.4 汽车故障诊断技术的发展趋势 ············································································ 47
2.2 检测与故障诊断基本概念 ······························································································· 48
2.2.1 汽车检测技术的基本概念 ···················································································· 48
2.2.2 汽车故障诊断的基本概念 ···················································································· 49
2.2.3 汽车故障自诊断系统···························································································· 50
2.3 汽车故障的成因 ·············································································································· 51
2.3.1 汽车故障生成的外因···························································································· 51
2.3.2 汽车故障生成的内因（故障机理） ···································································· 52
2.4 汽车故障的分类及变化规律 ··························································································· 53
2.4.1 汽车故障的分类 ··································································································· 53
2.4.2 汽车故障的变化规律···························································································· 54
2.5 汽车故障诊断方法及基本程序 ······················································································· 55
2.5.1 汽车故障诊断方法 ······························································································· 55
2.5.2 汽车故障诊断的基本程序 ···················································································· 58
2.5.3 汽车故障诊断的注意事项 ···················································································· 64
第3 章 汽车发动机机械系统的故障诊断 ···················································································· 66
3.1 进排气系统机械故障诊断 ······························································································· 66
3.1.1 气缸压力测试 ······································································································· 66
3.1.2 进气歧管真空度测试···························································································· 69
3.1.3 气缸泄漏测试 ······································································································· 71
3.1.4 进气系统漏气测试 ······························································································· 72
3.1.5 排气系统泄漏测试 ······························································································· 73
3.1.6 曲轴箱通风系统压力检查 ···················································································· 74
诊断策略 ·························································································································· 75
3.2 润滑系统机械故障诊断 ··································································································· 76
3.2.1 机油压力测试 ······································································································· 76
3.2.2 机油消耗测试 ······································································································· 78
3.2.3 机油消耗高的因素 ······························································································· 79
3.2.4 机油含冷却液测试 ······························································································· 80
3.3 冷却系统机械故障诊断 ··································································································· 81
3.3.1 冷却系统泄漏测试 ······························································································· 82
3.3.2 燃烧泄漏测试 ······································································································· 83
3.3.3 节温器测试 ··········································································································· 83
3.4 发动机异响故障诊断 ······································································································· 86
3.4.1 发动机异响特性的分析 ························································································ 86
3.4.2 发动机异响诊断与排除 ························································································ 88
3.4.3 发动机主要部位异响的特征及排除 ···································································· 90
3.4.4 曲轴轴承（大瓦）和连杆轴承（小瓦）异响的特征及排除 ······························ 93
3.4.5 正时齿轮响的特征及排除 ···················································································· 95
3.4.6 燃烧异响及空气动力异响 ···················································································· 95
第4 章 汽车发动机电子控制系统的故障诊断 ············································································· 98
4.1 电信号的特征、分类与测量 ··························································································· 98
4.1.1 电信号的特征与分类···························································································· 98
4.1.2 波形测量 ············································································································· 104
4.1.3 波形记录与回放 ································································································· 106
4.2 示波器的结构与维护 ····································································································· 107
4.2.1 示波器主机 ········································································································· 107
4.2.2 示波器测试连线 ································································································· 109
4.2.3 示波器的维护 ····································································································· 110
4.3 电子信号测量 ················································································································ 112
4.3.1 传感器信号测量 ································································································· 112
4.3.2 模块输出波形测量 ····························································································· 121
4.3.3 模块通信波形测量 ····························································································· 126
4.4 电子点火系统的检测诊断 ····························································································· 130
4.4.1 点火波形检测 ····································································································· 130
4.4.2 点火正时的检测方法·························································································· 137
4.4.3 电子点火系统常见故障的诊断分析 ·································································· 141
4.5 电控燃油供给系统的检测与诊断 ················································································· 145
4.5.1 电喷汽油机燃油供给系统压力的检测诊断 ······················································· 146
4.5.2 喷油控制信号波形的检测诊断 ·········································································· 148
4.5.3 燃油供给系统常见故障分析 ·············································································· 153
第5 章 汽车底盘系统的故障诊断 ······························································································ 155
5.1 汽车传动系的故障诊断 ································································································· 155
5.1.1 离合器故障检测与诊断 ······················································································ 155
5.1.2 手动变速器检测诊断·························································································· 162
5.1.3 自动变速器检测与诊断 ······················································································ 169
5.1.4 万向传动装置故障检测诊断 ·············································································· 179
5.1.5 驱动桥检测诊断 ································································································· 182
诊断策略 ························································································································ 185
5.2 汽车行驶、转向系的故障诊断 ····················································································· 188
5.2.1 悬架系统的检测与诊断 ······················································································ 188
5.2.2 车轮动平衡的检测与调整 ·················································································· 190
5.2.3 轮胎异常磨损的故障诊断 ·················································································· 191
5.2.4 四轮定位的检测与调整 ······················································································ 193
5.2.5 转向不稳故障诊断 ····························································································· 199
5.2.6 转向沉重故障诊断 ····························································································· 201
5.2.7 转向轮摆振故障诊断·························································································· 203
5.2.8 行驶跑偏故障 ····································································································· 205
5.2.9 单边转向不足故障诊断 ······················································································ 208
5.2.10 转向时异响故障诊断 ························································································ 208
5.2.11 电动助力转向的检测与诊断 ············································································ 210
5.2.12 电液压助力转向的检测与诊断 ········································································ 214
5.3 汽车制动系统故障诊断 ································································································· 217
5.3.1 ABS 系统的故障诊断 ························································································· 217
5.3.2 ABS 制动不灵故障的诊断 ················································································· 220
5.3.3 制动失效故障的诊断·························································································· 222
5.3.4 制动跑偏故障的诊断·························································································· 222
5.3.5 制动拖滞故障的诊断·························································································· 223
5.3.6 制动时异响故障的诊断 ······················································································ 224
5.3.7 车身稳定系统（ESP）故障灯常亮的诊断 ························································ 226
第6 章 汽车电源管理与起动系统的故障诊断 ··········································································· 228
6.1 电源管理的检测 ············································································································ 228
6.1.1 蓄电池的检测 ····································································································· 228
6.1.2 发电机的检测 ····································································································· 230
6.2 起动系统的检测 ············································································································ 231
第7 章 汽车远程测试与诊断技术 ······························································································ 236
7.1 远程测试与诊断技术概述 ····························································································· 236
7.1.1 远程测试与诊断技术的发展 ·············································································· 236
7.1.2 汽车远程测试与诊断技术的优越性 ·································································· 236
7.1.3 远程故障诊断系统模式 ······················································································ 237
7.1.4 远程故障诊断的实现方法及手段 ······································································ 238
7.2 虚拟仪器技术 ················································································································ 239
7.2.1 虚拟仪器的概念 ································································································· 239
7.2.2 虚拟仪器技术特点 ····························································································· 240
7.2.3 虚拟仪器的组成 ································································································· 240
7.2.4 虚拟仪器技术的发展及其应用 ·········································································· 241
7.3 远程虚拟仪器技术及其应用 ························································································· 241
7.3.1 基于B/S 模式的远程数据传输 ·········································································· 242
7.3.2 基于C/S 模式的远程数据传输 ·········································································· 244
7.4 远程虚拟仪器技术在汽车检测中的应用实例 ······························································ 245
7.4.1 系统结构与工作原理·························································································· 245
7.4.2 测试系统的软件设计·························································································· 247
7.4.3 远程测试功能实现 ····························································································· 248
参考文献 ········································································································································· 249
1.1 车辆定期保养概述 ············································································································· 1
1.1.1 车辆定期保养的概念······························································································ 1
1.1.2 车辆定期保养的目的······························································································ 1
1.1.3 车辆定期保养内容 ································································································· 2
1.2 发动机系统的检查与保养 ································································································· 2
1.2.1 发动机润滑系统的保养 ·························································································· 2
1.2.2 发动机冷却系统的保养 ·························································································· 4
1.2.3 燃油滤清器的检查与更换 ······················································································ 5
1.2.4 空气滤清器的检查与更换 ······················································································ 6
1.2.5 点火系统检查与更换······························································································ 8
1.2.6 发动机辅助皮带的检查与更换 ·············································································· 9
1.2.7 发动机正时皮带的检查与更换 ············································································ 10
1.2.8 发动机外观检查 ··································································································· 11
1.3 底盘传动系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 12
1.3.1 变速箱的检查与保养···························································································· 12
1.3.2 差速器的检查与保养···························································································· 14
1.4 底盘转向系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 16
1.4.1 转向助力油的更换 ······························································································· 16
1.4.2 转向系统的泄漏检查···························································································· 17
1.4.3 转向拉杆与球头的检查 ························································································ 18
1.5 底盘悬架系统与车轮的检查 ··························································································· 19
1.5.1 悬架系统的检查 ··································································································· 19
1.5.2 车轮的检查 ··········································································································· 20
1.6 底盘制动系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 22
1.6.1 刹车油的检查与更换···························································································· 22
1.6.2 刹车片的检查与更换···························································································· 23
1.6.3 驻车刹车的检查与调整 ························································································ 25
1.7 汽车电气系统的检查与保养 ··························································································· 27
1.7.1 空调系统的保养与检查 ························································································ 27
1.7.2 灯光系统的检查 ··································································································· 28
1.7.3 雨刮与清洗系统的检查与保养 ············································································ 30
1.7.4 车辆电气功能的检查···························································································· 33
1.8 车辆保养的后续工作 ······································································································· 34
1.8.1 保养提示重设 ······································································································· 34
1.8.2 电气功能恢复 ······································································································· 35
1.8.3 车门铰链的润滑 ··································································································· 36
1.8.4 保养检查清单的填写···························································································· 36
1.8.5 整理 ······················································································································· 37
1.9 保养过程中注意事项 ······································································································· 37
附录1A 小保养检查清单 ······································································································ 38
附录1B 大保养检查清单 ······································································································ 39
第2 章 汽车检测与故障诊断基础 ································································································ 40
2.1 国内外汽车诊断技术的特点与发展 ··············································································· 40
2.1.1 国外汽车检测与诊断技术特点 ············································································ 40
2.1.2 国内汽车检测诊断技术的特点 ············································································ 41
2.1.3 国内外汽车检测与诊断技术差异 ········································································ 42
2.1.4 汽车故障诊断技术的发展趋势 ············································································ 47
2.2 检测与故障诊断基本概念 ······························································································· 48
2.2.1 汽车检测技术的基本概念 ···················································································· 48
2.2.2 汽车故障诊断的基本概念 ···················································································· 49
2.2.3 汽车故障自诊断系统···························································································· 50
2.3 汽车故障的成因 ·············································································································· 51
2.3.1 汽车故障生成的外因···························································································· 51
2.3.2 汽车故障生成的内因（故障机理） ···································································· 52
2.4 汽车故障的分类及变化规律 ··························································································· 53
2.4.1 汽车故障的分类 ··································································································· 53
2.4.2 汽车故障的变化规律···························································································· 54
2.5 汽车故障诊断方法及基本程序 ······················································································· 55
2.5.1 汽车故障诊断方法 ······························································································· 55
2.5.2 汽车故障诊断的基本程序 ···················································································· 58
2.5.3 汽车故障诊断的注意事项 ···················································································· 64
第3 章 汽车发动机机械系统的故障诊断 ···················································································· 66
3.1 进排气系统机械故障诊断 ······························································································· 66
3.1.1 气缸压力测试 ······································································································· 66
3.1.2 进气歧管真空度测试···························································································· 69
3.1.3 气缸泄漏测试 ······································································································· 71
3.1.4 进气系统漏气测试 ······························································································· 72
3.1.5 排气系统泄漏测试 ······························································································· 73
3.1.6 曲轴箱通风系统压力检查 ···················································································· 74
诊断策略 ·························································································································· 75
3.2 润滑系统机械故障诊断 ··································································································· 76
3.2.1 机油压力测试 ······································································································· 76
3.2.2 机油消耗测试 ······································································································· 78
3.2.3 机油消耗高的因素 ······························································································· 79
3.2.4 机油含冷却液测试 ······························································································· 80
3.3 冷却系统机械故障诊断 ··································································································· 81
3.3.1 冷却系统泄漏测试 ······························································································· 82
3.3.2 燃烧泄漏测试 ······································································································· 83
3.3.3 节温器测试 ··········································································································· 83
3.4 发动机异响故障诊断 ······································································································· 86
3.4.1 发动机异响特性的分析 ························································································ 86
3.4.2 发动机异响诊断与排除 ························································································ 88
3.4.3 发动机主要部位异响的特征及排除 ···································································· 90
3.4.4 曲轴轴承（大瓦）和连杆轴承（小瓦）异响的特征及排除 ······························ 93
3.4.5 正时齿轮响的特征及排除 ···················································································· 95
3.4.6 燃烧异响及空气动力异响 ···················································································· 95
第4 章 汽车发动机电子控制系统的故障诊断 ············································································· 98
4.1 电信号的特征、分类与测量 ··························································································· 98
4.1.1 电信号的特征与分类···························································································· 98
4.1.2 波形测量 ············································································································· 104
4.1.3 波形记录与回放 ································································································· 106
4.2 示波器的结构与维护 ····································································································· 107
4.2.1 示波器主机 ········································································································· 107
4.2.2 示波器测试连线 ································································································· 109
4.2.3 示波器的维护 ····································································································· 110
4.3 电子信号测量 ················································································································ 112
4.3.1 传感器信号测量 ································································································· 112
4.3.2 模块输出波形测量 ····························································································· 121
4.3.3 模块通信波形测量 ····························································································· 126
4.4 电子点火系统的检测诊断 ····························································································· 130
4.4.1 点火波形检测 ····································································································· 130
4.4.2 点火正时的检测方法·························································································· 137
4.4.3 电子点火系统常见故障的诊断分析 ·································································· 141
4.5 电控燃油供给系统的检测与诊断 ················································································· 145
4.5.1 电喷汽油机燃油供给系统压力的检测诊断 ······················································· 146
4.5.2 喷油控制信号波形的检测诊断 ·········································································· 148
4.5.3 燃油供给系统常见故障分析 ·············································································· 153
第5 章 汽车底盘系统的故障诊断 ······························································································ 155
5.1 汽车传动系的故障诊断 ································································································· 155
5.1.1 离合器故障检测与诊断 ······················································································ 155
5.1.2 手动变速器检测诊断·························································································· 162
5.1.3 自动变速器检测与诊断 ······················································································ 169
5.1.4 万向传动装置故障检测诊断 ·············································································· 179
5.1.5 驱动桥检测诊断 ································································································· 182
诊断策略 ························································································································ 185
5.2 汽车行驶、转向系的故障诊断 ····················································································· 188
5.2.1 悬架系统的检测与诊断 ······················································································ 188
5.2.2 车轮动平衡的检测与调整 ·················································································· 190
5.2.3 轮胎异常磨损的故障诊断 ·················································································· 191
5.2.4 四轮定位的检测与调整 ······················································································ 193
5.2.5 转向不稳故障诊断 ····························································································· 199
5.2.6 转向沉重故障诊断 ····························································································· 201
5.2.7 转向轮摆振故障诊断·························································································· 203
5.2.8 行驶跑偏故障 ····································································································· 205
5.2.9 单边转向不足故障诊断 ······················································································ 208
5.2.10 转向时异响故障诊断 ························································································ 208
5.2.11 电动助力转向的检测与诊断 ············································································ 210
5.2.12 电液压助力转向的检测与诊断 ········································································ 214
5.3 汽车制动系统故障诊断 ································································································· 217
5.3.1 ABS 系统的故障诊断 ························································································· 217
5.3.2 ABS 制动不灵故障的诊断 ················································································· 220
5.3.3 制动失效故障的诊断·························································································· 222
5.3.4 制动跑偏故障的诊断·························································································· 222
5.3.5 制动拖滞故障的诊断·························································································· 223
5.3.6 制动时异响故障的诊断 ······················································································ 224
5.3.7 车身稳定系统（ESP）故障灯常亮的诊断 ························································ 226
第6 章 汽车电源管理与起动系统的故障诊断 ··········································································· 228
6.1 电源管理的检测 ············································································································ 228
6.1.1 蓄电池的检测 ····································································································· 228
6.1.2 发电机的检测 ····································································································· 230
6.2 起动系统的检测 ············································································································ 231
第7 章 汽车远程测试与诊断技术 ······························································································ 236
7.1 远程测试与诊断技术概述 ····························································································· 236
7.1.1 远程测试与诊断技术的发展 ·············································································· 236
7.1.2 汽车远程测试与诊断技术的优越性 ·································································· 236
7.1.3 远程故障诊断系统模式 ······················································································ 237
7.1.4 远程故障诊断的实现方法及手段 ······································································ 238
7.2 虚拟仪器技术 ················································································································ 239
7.2.1 虚拟仪器的概念 ································································································· 239
7.2.2 虚拟仪器技术特点 ····························································································· 240
7.2.3 虚拟仪器的组成 ································································································· 240
7.2.4 虚拟仪器技术的发展及其应用 ·········································································· 241
7.3 远程虚拟仪器技术及其应用 ························································································· 241
7.3.1 基于B/S 模式的远程数据传输 ·········································································· 242
7.3.2 基于C/S 模式的远程数据传输 ·········································································· 244
7.4 远程虚拟仪器技术在汽车检测中的应用实例 ······························································ 245
7.4.1 系统结构与工作原理·························································································· 245
7.4.2 测试系统的软件设计·························································································· 247
7.4.3 远程测试功能实现 ····························································································· 248
参考文献 ········································································································································· 249
