1 URINARY TRACT STRUCTURE AND INFECTION
  Introduction
  Normal anatomy of the urinary tract
  Structure of the kidney
  Innervation of the urinary tract
  Embryology of the kidney and urinary tract
  Infection of the urinary tract
  Aetiology and pathogenesis of urinary tract
  infection
  Investigation of urinary tract infection
  Imaging of the urinary tract
  Vesicoureteric reflux
  Overview: treatment of urinary tract infections
2 BODY FLUIDS, NEPHRON FUNCTION AND DIURETICS
  Introduction
  Body fluid and electrolyte distribution
  Functional anatomy of the nephron
  Sodium transport
  Regulation of sodium transport
  Potassium transport
  Pharmacology of diuretic agents
  Principles of fluid and electrolyte replacement
  therapy
3 WATER BALANCE AND REGULATION OF OSMOLALITY
  Introduction
  Causes and assessment of polyuria
  Renal mechanisms for urine concentration
  Feedback control of plasma osmolality
  Failure to concentrate the urine
  Failure to dilute the urine
4 ACID-BASE BALANCE AND REGULATION OF pH
  Introduction
  Role of the kidney in H+ balance
  Disturbances of acid-base balance: acidosis
  Disturbances of acid-base balance: alkalosis
  Summary of findings in principal acid-base
  disturbances
5 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
  Introduction
  Renal blood flow
  Glomerular filtration
  Autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular
  filtration rate
  Renal excretion and the clearance formula
  Measuring the glomerular filtration rate
  Urea
  Pathophysiology of oliguria
  Causes of acute kidney injury
  Acute tubular necrosis
  Overview: assessment and management of a
  patient with acute kidney injury
  Biochemical changes in acute kidney injury
  Complications of acute kidney injury
  Management of acute kidney injury
6 PROTEINURIA AND THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
  Introduction
  Pathophysiology of oedema formation
  Glomerular anatomy and the filtration barrier
  Normal and abnormal proteinuria
  Nephrotic syndrome
  Natural history and response to treatment
7 GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND THE ACUTE NEPHRITIC SYNDROME
  Introduction
  Urinary sediment examination
  Presentation and consequences of glomerular
  disease
  Investigation of glomerulonephritis
  Differential diagnosis of acute
  glomerulonephritis
  Pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis
  Outcome of glomerulonephritis
  Clinicopathological correlations in
  glomerulonephritis
8 DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
  Introduction
  Presentation of chronic kidney disease
  Stages of chronic kidney disease
  Causes of chronic kidney disease _
  Pathology of diabetic nephropathy and chronic
  kidney disease
  Main consequences of chronic kidney disease
  Progression of chronic kidney disease
  Principles of treatment
9 END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE AND REPLACEMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION
  Introduction
  Replacement of kidney function
  Principles and modes of dialysis
  Principles and modes of transplantation
  Conservative therapy for advanced chronic kidney
  disease
10 HYPERTENSION AND THE KIDNEY
  Introduction
  Determinants of normal blood pressure and role
  of the kidney
  Pathogenesis of essential hypertension
  The pathology of hypertension
  Principles in the management of hypertension
  Secondary hypertension
11 PREGNANCY AND THE KIDNEY
  Introduction
  Structural changes in the urinary tract during
  pregnancy
  Urinary tract infection in pregnancy
  Renal physiology changes in pregnancy
  Blood pressure and pregnancy
  Hypertension in pregnancy
  Management of hypertension in pregnancy
  Follow-up of patients with hypertension in
  pregnancy
  Pregnancy in patients with pre-existing
  kidney disease
12 URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION AND STONES
  Introduction
  Differential diagnosis of loin pain and haematuria
  Imaging of the urinary tract
  Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction
  Renal calculi
  Principle