目录 第1 章 Python 基础 ······················· 1 1.1　Python 语言 ······························· 1 1.1.1　程序设计语言 ··················· 1 1.1.2　Python 语言的产生 ············· 3 1.1.3　Python 语言的特点 ············· 3 1.1.4　Python 语言的应用场景 ······· 5 1.2　Python 的安装 ···························· 6 1.2.1　下载 Python ······················ 6 1.2.2　安装 Python ······················ 7 1.3　Python 程序的书写与运行 ············· 8 1.3.1　使用IDLE 交互式环境········ 8 1.3.2　程序文件的建立与运行 ······· 9 1.4　简单的Python 程序 ····················· 11 1.4.1　 输入、处理、输出 （IPO） ···························· 11 1.4.2　常见的语法要素 ···············12 1.5　其他集成开发工具 ······················16 1.5.1　Visual Studio Code·············16 1.5.2　PyCharm·························17 1.5.3　Anaconda ························17 本章小结 ········································19 习题1 ············································19 第2 章　数据与运算 ·······················20 2.1　变量与数据类型 ·························20 2.1.1　数据、常量与变量 ············20 2.1.2　基本数据类型 ··················20 2.1.3　类型的判断与转换 ············22 2.2　算术运算及数学函数 ···················23 2.2.1　运算符与表达式 ···············23 2.2.2　算术运算符 ·····················23 2.2.3　内置函数 ························25 2.2.4　math 模块中的数学函数 ·····27 2.3　关系运算及逻辑运算 ···················28 2.3.1　关系运算 ························28 2.3.2　逻辑运算 ························29 2.3.3　运算符的优先级与结合性 ···30 2.4　字符串运算及格式化 ···················31 2.4.1　字符串的常见运算 ············31 2.4.2　数据的显示与格式化 ·········32 本章小结 ········································34 习题2 ············································34 第3 章　语句与控制结构 ·················36 3.1　基本语句及顺序结构 ···················36 3.1.1　三种基本流程及流程图 ······36 3.1.2　简单语句 ························37 3.2　分支语句 ··································38 3.2.1　if 语句 ···························38 3.2.2　if 语句的嵌套 ··················40 3.2.3　elif 语句 ·························40 3.2.4　 应用举例——自动出题 并判分 ···························42 3.3　循环语句 ··································44 3.3.1　for 循环语句 ····················44 3.3.2　while 循环语句 ················47 3.3.3　 循环的五要素及153 检查法 ···························48 3.3.4　循环语句的嵌套 ···············49 3.4　循环语句的应用 ·························50 3.4.1　绘图 ······························50 3.4.2　数列求和 ························54 3.4.3　字符串加密 ·····················55 3.4.4　跳转语句 ························56 本章小结 ········································57 习题3 ············································57 第4 章　组合数据类型 ····················59 4.1　列表 ········································59 4.1.1　列表是一个序列 ···············59 4.1.2　列表的操作 ·····················60 4.1.3　列表的遍历 ·····················63 4.1.4　列表的方法 ·····················64 4.2　字典 ········································65 4.2.1　字典即映射 ·····················65 4.2.2　字典的操作 ·····················66 4.2.3　字典的遍历 ·····················68 4.2.4　字典的方法 ·····················68 4.3　元组与集合 ·······························69 4.3.1　元组 ······························69 4.3.2　集合 ······························71 4.3.3　 列表、字典、元组、集合的 区别与转换 ·····················73 4.4　组合数据的应用 ·························76 4.4.1　列表在统计中的应用 ·········76 4.4.2　字典在统计中的应用 ·········77 4.4.3　蒙特卡罗法 ·····················78 本章小结 ········································82 习题4 ············································82 第5 章　函数 ································84 5.1　函数的定义与调用 ······················84 5.1.1　函数的概念 ·····················84 5.1.2　定义函数 ························85 5.1.3　任务分解与代码重用 ·········86 5.2　函数中的变量与参数传递 ·············91 5.2.1　函数调用的执行流程 ·········91 5.2.2　变量的生