Front Matter
 Imaging, Modeling and Assimilation in Seismology:An Overview
  References
 Chapter 1 Full-Wave Seismic Data Assimilation: A UnifiedMethodology for Seismic Waveform Inversion
  1.1 Introduction
  1.2 Generalized Inverse
   1.2.1 Prior Probability Densities
   1.2.2 Bayes’ Theorem
   1.2.3 Euler-Lagrange Equations
  1.3 Data Functionals
   1.3.1 DifferentialWaveforms
   1.3.2 Cross-correlation Measurements
   1.3.3 Generalized Seismological Data Functionals (GSDF)
  1.4 The Adjoint Method
   1.4.1 An Example of Adjoint Travel-Time Tomography
   1.4.2 Review of Some Recent AdjointWaveform Tomography
  1.5 The Scattering-Integral (SI) Method
   1.5.1 Full-Wave Tomography Based on SI
   1.5.2 Earthquake Source Parameter Inversion Based on SI
  1.6 Discussion
   1.6.1 Computational Challenges
   1.6.2 Nonlinearity
  1.7 Summary
  References
 Chapter 2 One-Return Propagators and the Applicationsin Modeling and Imaging
  2.1 Introduction
  2.2 Primary-Only Modeling and One-Return Approximation
  2.3 Elastic One-Return Modeling
   2.3.1 Local Born Approximation
   2.3.2 The Thin Slab Approximation
   2.3.3 Small-Angle Approximation and the Screen Propagator
   2.3.4 Numerical Implementation
   2.3.5 Elastic, Acoustic and Scalar Cases
  2.4 Applications of One-Return Propagators in Modeling,Imaging and Inversion .
   2.4.1 Applications to Modeling
   2.4.2 One-Return Propagators Used in Migration Imaging
   2.4.3 Calculate Finite-Frequency Sensitivity Kernels Usedin Velocity Inversion
  2.5 Other Development of One-Return Modeling
   2.5.1 Super-Wide Angle One-Way Propagator
   2.5.2 One-Way Boundary Element Method
  2.6 Conclusion
  References
 Chapter 3 Fault-Zone TrappedWaves: High-Resolution Characterization ofthe Damage Zone of the Parkfield San Andreas Fault at Depth
  3.1 Introduction
  3.2 Fault-Zone TrappedWaves at the SAFOD Site
   3.2.1 The SAFOD Surface Array
   3.2.2 The SAFOD Borehole Seismographs
   3.2.3 Finite-Difference Simulation of Fault-Zone TrappedWavesat SAFOD Site
  3.3 Fault-Zone TrappedWaves at the Surface Array near Parkfield Town
  3.4 Conclusion and Discussion
  Acknowledgements
  References
  Appendix: Modeling Fault-Zone Trapped SH-LoveWaves
 Chapter 4 Fault-Zone TrappedWaves at a Dip Fault: Documentationof Rock Damage on the Thrusting Longmen-Shan FaultRuptured in the 2008 M8 Wenchuan Earthquake
  4.1 Geological Setting and Scientific Significance
  4.2 Data and Results
   4.2.1 Data Collection
   4.2.2 Examples of Waveform Data
  4.3 3-D Finite-Difference Investigations of Trapping Efficiencyat the Dipping Fault
   4.3.1 Effect of Fault-Zone Dip Angle
   4.3.2 Effect of Epicentral Distance
   4.3.3 Effect of Source Depth
   4.3.4 Effect of Source away from Vertical and Dip Fault Zones
   4.3.5 Effect of Fault-ZoneWidth and Velocity Reduction
  4.4 3-D Finite-Difference Simulations of FZTWsat the South Longmen-Shan Fault
  4.5 Fault Rock Co-Seismic Damage and Post-Mainshock Heal
  4.6 Conclusion and Discussion
  Acknowledgements
  References
  Appendix
 Chapter 5 Ground-Motion Simulations with Dynamic SourceCharacterization and Parallel Computing
  5.1 Introduction
  5.2 The Spontaneous Rupture Model
  5.3 EQdyna: An Explicit Finite ElementMethod for Simulating SpontaneousRupture on Geometrically Complex Faults andWave Propagation in ComplexGeologic Structure
  5.4 Two Examples of Ground-Motion Related Applications of EQdyna
   5.4.1 Sensitivity of Physical Limits on Ground Motion on YuccaMountain
   5.4.2 Effects of Faulting Style Changes on Ground Motion
  5.5 Hybrid MPI/OpenMP Parallelization of EQdyna and Its Application to aBenchmark Problem
   5.5.1 Element-size Dependence of Solutions
   5.5.2 Computational Resource Requirements and PerformanceAnalysis
  5.6 Conclusions
  Acknowledgements
  References
 Chapter 6 Load-Unload Response Ratio and Its New Progress
  6.1 Introduction
  6.2 The Status of Earthquake Prediction Using LURR
  6.3 Peak Point of the LURR and Its Significance
  6.4 Earthquake Cases in 2008–2009
  6.5 Improving the Prediction of Magnitude M and T2-Application ofDimensional Method
   6.5.1 Location
   6.5.2 Magnitude
   6.5.3 Occurrence time (T2)
  6.6 Conclusions
  Acknowledgements
  References
 Chapter 7 Discrete Element Method and Its Applicationsin Earthquake and Rock FractureModeling
  7.1 Introduction
  7.2 A Brief Introduction to the Esys−Particle
  7.3 Theoretical and Algorithm Development
   7.3.1 The Equations of Particle Motion
   7.3.2 Contact Laws, Particle Interactions and Calculationof Forces and Torques
   7.3.3 Calibration of the Model
   7.3.4 Incorporation of Thermal and Hydrodynamic Effects
   7.3.5 Parallel Algorithm
  7.4 Some Numerical Results Obtained by Using the Esys−Particle
   7.4.1 Earthquakes
   7.4.2 Rock fracture
  7.5 Coupling of Multiple Physics
   7.5.1 Thermal-Mechanical Coupling
   7.5.2 Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
   7.5.3 Full Solid-Fluid Coupling
  7.6 Discussion and Conclusions
  Acknowledgements
  References
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